Afghanistan is an islamic republic. Afghanistan's constitution separates the government into three branches executive, legislative and judicial. The consistitution also calls for a Grand Assembly loya Jirga convene under cirtain situations.  

Executive 

The president is the head of the executive branch. the president serves as the head of the state and commander-in-chief of the Armed forces of Afghanistan. He or She is elected by recieiving more than 50% of the votes through free,general, secret, and direct voting. if none of the candidates for the president recieve more than 50% of the votes in the first round, a run-off election is held within twoo weeks. in this round , only two candidates having the highest number of votes are allowed to participate . in the run-off , the candidate who gets the major ity of the votes will be elected as president for a five years term. the executive branch also includes the two vice president and member of the cabinet. cabinets ministers are appointed by the president and aprroved by the national assembly. 

Legislative 

The legislative Branch is the national assembly or Parliament. The National Assembly consists of an upper house and lower house. The lower house is the wolesi jirga ( the house of poeple) and upper house is the Meshrano jirga ( house of Eldres). No one can become a member of both houses simultaneously. Membersof the wolesi jirga are elected by the poeple through free, general, secret, and direct elections. Members of the meshrano jirga are elected and appionted as follows:  

From among the members of each provincial council, the respective council elects one person for a four years.  

From among the district councils of each province , the respective councils elect one person for three years.  

The president from among experts and experienced personalities-including two representatives of disabled and impaired and two representatives frm kochis (nomads)-appoints the remaining one third members for a period of five years. The president appoints 50% of these poeple from among women.  

Judicial 

The judicial branch consists of the supreme court (satera mahkama), High courts, and appeal courts.  

Supreme court is composed of nine members who are appointed by the president of ten years and approved by wolesi jirga . the Appiontment of the members for a second term is not permissible president appoints one of its members as the head of the supreme court . the members of the supreme court can not be dissmissed from thier service until the end of their term, except circumastances stated in article of Afghanistan's constitution, which states:  

  “When more than one-third of the member of the wolesi jirga demand the trial of the chief justice , or a member if the supreme court due to a crime committed during the performance of duty, and the wolesai jirga approves of this demand by a majority of two-third votes , the accused is dimissed from the his post and the case is reffered to a special cour ”

                              ---The current supreme court chief justice is : abdul Salam Azami

Grand Assembly (loya jirga) 

Loya jirga is the highest manifestation of the poeple of Afghanistan. it consists of the following :  

Members of the National Assembly.  

Chairperson of the provincial , and district councils.  

The ministers, chief justice and members of the supreme court can participate in the sessions of jirga without the right to vote.  

The loya jirga is supposed to be convened in the following situations:  

To take decision on issues related to independence, national sovereignty, territorial integrity , and national interests of the country.  

To amend the provision of the constitution.  

To prosecute the president.